Контрольная работа №1 по Английскому языку Вариант 2

V.Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзац №1.    

Trade

Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and services. Later one side of the barter were the metals, precious metals, bills, paper money. Modern trades generally use a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning. The invention of money (and later credit, paper money and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, between more than two traders is called multilateral trade. 

Trade exists due to specialization and division of labor, most people concentrate on a small aspect of production. Trade exists between regions because different regions have a comparative advantage in the production of some commodity, or because different regions’ size allows for the benefits of mass production. As such, trade at market prices between locations benefits both locations. 

Retail trade consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a very fixed location, such as a department store, boutique or kiosk, or by mail, in small or individual lots for direct consumption by the purchaser. Wholesale trade is defined as the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional, or other professional business users, or to other wholesalers and related subordinated services. 

VI. Прочтите абзац 3 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос: 

How is the wholesale trade defined?